International nanotechnology development in 2003: Country,institution, and technology field analysis based on USPTO patent database

Nanoscale science and engineering (NSE) have seen rapid growth and expansion in new areas in recent years. This paper provides an international patent analysis using the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) data searched by keywords of the entire text: title, abstract, claims, and specifications. A fraction of these patents fully satisfy the National Nanotechnology Initiative definition of nanotechnology (which requires exploiting specific phenomena and direct manipulation at the nanoscale), while others only make use of NSE tools and methods of investigation. In previous work we proposed an integrated patent analysis and visualization framework of patent content mapping for the NSE field and of knowledge flow pattern identification until 2002. In this paper, the results are updated for 2003, and the new trends are presented.     

Connecting NSF funding to patent innovation in nanotechnology (2001–2004)

Nanotechnology research has experienced growth rapid in knowledge and innovations; it also attracted significant public funding in recent years. Several countries have recognized nanotechnology as a critical research domain that promises to revolutionize a wide range of fields of applications. In this paper, we present an analysis of the funding for nanoscale science and engineering (NSE) at the National Science Foundation (NSF) and its implications on technological innovation (number of patents) in this field from 2001 to 2004. Using a combination of basic bibliometric analysis and content visualization tools, we identify growth trends, research topic distribution, and the evolution in NSF funding and commercial patenting activities recorded at the United States Patent Office (USPTO). The patent citations are used to compare the impact of the NSF-funded research on nanotechnology development with research supported by other sources in the United States and abroad. The analysis shows that the NSF-funded researchers and patents authored by them have significantly higher impact based on patent citation measures in the four-year period than other comparison groups. The NSF-authored patent impact is growing faster with the lifetime of a patent, indicating the long-term importance of fundamental research.     

气相色谱法测定4种中药材中有机氯农药残留量

建立了气相色谱法同时测定中药材天仙子、半夏、杜仲、吴茱萸中有机氯农药残留量方法。13种有机氯农药的浓度在1~100μg/L内线性关系良好(r>0.995 5),检出限为0.04~0.21μg/L,加标回收率为81.79%~100.50%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.28%~0.98%。     

Constraining the Teratogenicity of Pesticide Pollution by a Synthetic Nanoreceptor

The teratogenicity of the pesticide nereistoxin (NTX) and its derivative thiocyclam (THI) towards aquatic life was dramatically constrained by a synthetic nanoreceptor, cucurbit[7]uril, through selective encapsulation of the pesticides (K_CB[7]‐NTX of 3.24(±0.31)×10⁶ m ^?1 and K_CB[7]‐THI of 7.46(±0.10)×10⁵ m ^?1), as evidenced by the rate of hatchability, morphology development, and tyrosinase activity of zebrafish larvae incubated with the pesticides (3–300 μm ) in the absence and in the presence of 300 μm cucurbit[7]uril, demonstrating the significant potential of the nanoreceptor in managing ecological pollution of these pesticides.     

高端装备制造企业组织创新演化机制研究——基于混沌理论

以演化视角分析高端装备制造企业组织创新类型和创新演化过程,并基于种群竞争模型,构建企业组织创新演化模型,通过分析模型平衡点稳定性及其演化趋势,发现当创新演化初始点出现在进入鞍点轨线附近时,其微小变化将导致最终演化状态的巨大差别。应用Lyapunov指数法判定高端装备制造企业组织创新演化的混沌性,运用创新演化模型模拟企业组织创新混沌演化过程并分析创新混沌演化规律。研究结果表明:①渐进式创新和激进式创新之间较强的竞争效应是企业组织创新演化进入混沌的一般条件;②鞍点是企业组织创新混沌演化的转折点,在进入鞍点轨线的影响域中,创新演化轨道的断裂位置和跃迁方向敏感依赖于初始条件;③环境变化对激进式创新的压力会增强创新演化的混沌性。     

既定产品技术下制造企业服务创新价值创造机理研究

制造企业服务化是服务创新的过程,与产品技术紧密相关。聚焦制造企业既定产品技术下的服务创新问题,构建了考虑产品技术的服务创新供需价值创造模型,刻画了制造企业服务创新价值创造随时间推移的演变规律。研究表明:服务创新可以延长既定产品技术的市场寿命,其价值创造随时间演化呈现倒U型,为企业新技术采用提供了时间参考;在产品技术独断期,基础性服务创新为后续的提升性服务创新奠定了基础;与服务质量相关的成本是遏制服务创新连续性价值创造的根本原因。研究结论为制造企业服务创新及规避服务悖论提供了理论指导。     

平台动态激励、消费采纳与数字内容创新——基于三方主体演化博弈分析

为探索多元参与主体对数字内容创新过程的影响机制,本研究对数字内容创新活动利益相关者进行界定并分析其行为逻辑与影响因素,通过构建数字内容平台方、数字内容提供方和数字内容消费方三方演化博弈模型,运用复制动态方程分析以及Matlab软件仿真分析,模拟三方博弈主体在数字内容创新中的策略演化路径。研究结果表明,数字内容创新机制是在数字内容平台方主导创新激励、数字内容提供方选择性创新,数字消费方采纳支持创新的三方动态博弈中不断协同演进的过程,数字内容平台方对数字内容消费方创新采纳行为决策的补偿力度与数字内容提供方收益分成比例两大因素对数字内容创新有决定性影响。其研究结论为完善平台经济视角下的数字内容创新机制提供了相关对策建议。     

负面口碑、社会互动与创新扩散:基于小世界网络的仿真

为探究创新扩散失败的原因及作用机理,在创新扩散微观模型中引入负面口碑,建立个体在社会互动影响下的决策模型,并进行小世界网络中的多智能体仿真分析,研究网络结构、抵抗领袖比例、意见领袖创新性和社会规范约束力对创新扩散的影响。结果表明,考虑负面口碑的创新扩散曲线呈“S”形变化,但扩散深度受限;高度聚集的社会网络更有利于创新扩散。抵抗领袖比例越高,创新扩散速度和深度越小,且负面口碑作用范围越大;当抵抗领袖比例高于意见领袖比例时则会导致扩散失败。意见领袖创新性的提高可以缓解负面口碑的消极影响并促进创新扩散。社会规范约束力对创新扩散深度的影响随网络结构变化呈现不同态势。研究不但丰富了现有创新扩散理论,而且对开发创新推广策略具有指导意义。     

基于流程创新的供应链激励合同研究

针对由一个零售商两个制造商组成的竞争供应链,建立了零售商处于领导地位的Stackelberg博弈模型。分析了收益分享合同和成本分担合同下流程创新效率和竞争强度对流程创新水平和供应链成员利润的影响,并探讨了最优激励合同类型。研究发现,流程创新效率的降低会使得制造商流程创新水平和供应链成员利润降低;竞争强度的增大会使得制造商流程创新水平和供应链成员利润增加。此外,在流程创新效率较高和竞争强度较低时零售商提供收益分享合同有利,在流程创新效率较低和竞争强度较高时零售商提供成本分担合同有利。     

中国绿色技术创新的动态产业升级效应研究——基于异质环境规制的调节

采用2004~2017年省际面板数据及门槛计量技术,实证分析了命令型、自愿型和经济型三类环境规制对绿色技术创新驱动产业升级的异质动态调节影响。研究发现,绿色技术创新显著驱动了国内产业升级,但绿色技术创新的产业升级效应具有明显的倒“U”型动态演化特征;环境规制在绿色技术创新驱动产业升级过程中发挥着“调控器”功能,不仅可扭转绿色技术创新对产业升级的不利影响,还有助于提升绿色技术创新的产业升级效应;绿色技术创新对产业升级的动态影响具有显著的异质环境规制调节特征,在命令型环境规制和经济型环境规制调节下均呈现正向“U”型特征,在自愿型环境规制调节下具有正向倒“U”型规律;现阶段环境规制的调节效果存在显著差异,从调控手段来看,命令型环境规制最佳、经济型环境规制次之、自愿型环境规制较弱。从空间差异来看,东部地区最明显、西部地区次之、中部地区较差。